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1.
Rev. colomb. psiquiatr ; 49(3): 136-141, jul.-set. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1149819

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la frecuencia de alteraciones conductuales (AC) en un grupo de pacientes con diagnóstico de trastorno neurocognoscitivo (TN) valorado por clínica de memoria en un centro de evaluación en Bogotá, Colombia, durante el ano 2015. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo y de corte retrospectivo de 507 pacientes con diagnóstico de trastorno neurocognoscitivo (según criterios del DSM-5), valorados en un centro de referencia en Bogotá en 2015. Resultados: La media de edad de los sujetos con trastorno neurocognoscitivo leve en el momento del diagnóstico era 71,04 arios y la de aquellos con trastorno neurocognoscitivo mayor, 75,32 años (p < 0,001). El 62,72% de la muestra son mujeres. La etiología más frecuente del trastorno neurocognoscitivo fue la enfermedad de Alzheimer probable, seguida por la degeneración lobar frontotemporal, variante conductual, y el trastorno neurocognoscitivo debido a múltiples etiologías. Las AC se presentan con mayor frecuencia en TN debido a degeneración frontotemporal variante conductual (100%), enfermedad de Alzheimer (77,29%) y vascular (76,19%). Las AC más prevalentes en el grupo evaluado fueron la apatía (50,75%), la irritabilidad (48,45%), la agresividad (16,6%) y la labilidad emocional (14,76%). Conclusiones: Las AC son prevalentes en pacientes con diagnóstico de trastorno neurocognoscitivo mayor. Según la etiología del trastorno neurocognoscitivo mayor, las AC son más prevalentes en la degeneración frontotemporal variante conductual. Apatía, irritabilidad, labilidad emocional y agresividad son las AC más comunes en toda la muestra.


ABSTRACT Introduction: The main aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of behavioural disturbances (BD) in a group of patients with diagnosis of neurocognitive disorders assessed by a memory clinic in a referral assessment centre in Bogotá, Colombia, in 2015. Material and methods: This is an observational, retrospective descriptive study of 507 patients with a diagnosis of neurocognitive disorder (according to DSM-5 criteria) evaluated in a referral centre in Bogotá, Colombia, in 2015. Results: Among the group of patients assessed, analyses reveal mean age for minor neurocognitive disorders of 71.04 years, and 75.32 years for major neurocognitive disorder (P < 0.001). A total of 62.72% of the sample were female. The most prevalent aetiology of the neurocognitive disorders was Alzheimer's disease, followed by behavioural variant fronto-temporal dementia and neurocognitive disorders due to multiple aetiologies. BD occur more frequently in neurocognitive disorder due to behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (100%), Alzheimer's disease (77.29%) and vascular disease (76.19%). The most prevalent BD in the group assessed were apathy (50.75%), irritability (48.45%), aggression (16.6%), and emotional lability (14.76%). Conclusions: BD are highly prevalent in patients with diagnosis of major neurocognitive disorder. BD are more prevalent in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia than any other group. Apathy, irritability, emotional lability and aggression are the BD that occur with greater prevalence in our sample. We discuss the importance of BD in the clinical progression of neurocognitive disorders.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Behavior , Neurocognitive Disorders , Vascular Diseases , Prevalence , Colombia , Aggression , Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration , Alzheimer Disease
2.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 13(2): 154-161, Apr.-June 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1011955

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT. Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) presents clinically in three variants: one behavioral and two with progressive primary aphasia - non-fluent/agrammatic and semantic. Defined by the degenerative process and cerebral atrophy, olfactory dysfunction occurs in up to 96% of previous FTD case series. Objective: the present study aims to critically synthesize data about the relationship between FTD and olfactory impairment to analyze the usefulness of olfactory evaluation tests as a complementary element in early diagnosis. Methods: a database search was performed using the keywords "olfactory OR smell OR olfaction AND frontotemporal dementia". We included studies that evaluated olfactory function in patients diagnosed with frontotemporal dementia, all subtypes, compared with age-matched healthy controls. For comparative purposes, the effect size was calculated using Cohen's D. The studies selected were categorized according to dementia variant and olfactory test type. A meta-analysis was performed using forest plots - homogeneity was evaluated by statistical tests (i2 and Cochran Q). Results: ten articles met the inclusion criteria. Heterogeneity was classified as low for semantic dementia olfactory identification and behavioral variant olfactory discrimination groups (i2 = 0 and 3.4%, respectively) and as moderate for the behavioral variant olfactory identification group (i2 = 32.6%). Conclusion: patients with the frontotemporal dementia behavioral variant seem to present with alterations in odor identification, but with preserved discrimination. Scent identification also seems to be impaired in semantic dementia. Therefore, we conclude that olfactory evaluation in these patients is possibly impacted by cognitive alterations and not by sensory deficits. Application of olfactory tests may prove important in differentiating prodromal states from other types of dementia with more pronounced olfactory impairment.


RESUMO. A demência frontotemporal apresenta-se clinicamente em três variantes: uma comportamental e duas com afasia progressiva primária - não fluente/agramática e semântica. Definida pelo processo degenerativo e atrofia cerebral, apresenta uma prevalência de disfunção olfatória de até 96% em séries anteriores. Objetivo: o presente estudo objetiva sintetizar criticamente dados sobre a relação entre DFT e o comprometimento olfatório para analisar a utilidade dos testes de avaliação olfatória como elemento complementar no diagnóstico precoce. Métodos: uma pesquisa de banco de dados foi realizada usando as palavras-chave "olfactory OR smell OR olfaction AND frontotemporal dementia". Foram incluídos estudos que avaliaram a função olfatória em pacientes com diagnóstico de demência frontotemporal, todos os subtipos, em comparação com controles saudáveis ​​pareados por idade. Para fins de comparação, o tamanho do efeito foi calculado usando D de Cohen. Os estudos selecionados foram separados por variante de demência e tipo de teste olfativo. Uma meta-análise foi realizada utilizando gráficos floresta - sua homogeneidade foi avaliada por testes estatísticos (i2 e Cochran Q). Resultados: dez artigos preencheram os critérios de inclusão. A heterogeneidade foi classificada como baixa para os grupos de identificação olfatória em demência semântica e discriminação olfatória em variante comportamental (i2 = 0 e 3.4%, respectivamente) e moderada para identificação olfatória no grupo de variante comportamental (i2 = 32.6%). Conclusão: pacientes com variante comportamental de demência frontotemporal parecem apresentar alterações na identificação de odores, com discriminação preservada. A identificação de odores parece estar prejudicada, também, na demência semântica. Desta forma, concluímos que a avaliação olfatória nesses pacientes é possivelmente impactada por alterações cognitivas e não por déficits sensoriais propriamente. A aplicação de testes olfatórios pode ser importante na diferenciação de estados prodrômicos de outros tipos de demência com comprometimento olfatório mais pronunciado.


Subject(s)
Olfactory Nerve Diseases , Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration , Frontotemporal Dementia , Cognitive Dysfunction
3.
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 56(1): 57-63, 2018. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-959457

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: La degeneración lobar frontotemporal (DLFT) constituye un término que abarca distintas entidades clínicas de carácter neurodegenerativo con compromiso en el lóbulo frontal y temporal, siendo la variante conductual el fenotipo más frecuente. Esta se caracteriza por compromiso conductual y cognitivo, con predominio de la disfunción ejecutiva y relativa preservación de la memoria episódica. Pese a ello, se ha demostrado que la variante conductual de la DLFT puede presentarse con alteraciones significativas en la memoria episódica, similares a las experimentadas en la demencia por enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA), diferenciándose las DFT en las con y sin amnesia. Caso clínico: Mujer de 62 años, quien consulta con su hija por dificultades de memoria de aproximadamente dos años de evolución, de inicio insidioso y curso progresivo, las cuales orientaban a una posible EA. Sin embargo, en la evaluación neuropsicológica se encontró una disfunción ejecutiva con preservación de la memoria episódica, mientras que el estudio imagenológico mostró una atrofia cortical de predominio frontal; resultados que sugieren una probable demencia frontotemporal variante conductual. Discusión: Se analiza el caso y se aborda la información disponible respecto a los posibles mecanismos que justifican las quejas de memoria en esta población, además, de la descripción de subtipos "amnésicos de DFT".


Introduction: Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a term that encompasses different neurodegenerative clinical entities that compromise the frontal and temporal lobes, being the behavioral variant the most frequent presentation. This is characterized by behavioral and cognitive impairment, with greater affection in executive functions and an apparent preservation of episodic memory. In spite of it, studies have shown the behavioral variant of FTLD can occur with significant impairment of episodic memory, in a similar way to those experienced in Alzheimer's Type of Dementia, differing frontotemporal dementia with or without amnesia. Case report: 62-year-old woman, consults with her daughter due to memory difficulties of insidious onset and progressive course during approximately two years, which led to conclusions of a possible case of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Nevertheless, the findings of the neuropsychological assessment confirm disturbances at the executive level with preservation of episodic memory, and imaging study show frontotemporal cortical atrophy of frontal predominance; results that suggest a probable behavioral variant of Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD). Dicussion: Include a review of the case and the information avaliable about possible mecanism that explain memory complaints in this population, also a description of "amnesic" subtypes of FTD. Importance of considering a possible compromise in episodic memory and a complete evaluation that includes neuropsychological tests and imaging studies is emphasized.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Behavior , Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration , Frontotemporal Dementia , Alzheimer Disease , Memory
4.
Journal of the Korean Neurological Association ; : 35-39, 2018.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-766628

ABSTRACT

A 62-year-old man presented with a one-year history of word finding difficulty, impaired single word comprehension and personality changes including aggression, apathy and eating change. Brain MRIs showed severe atrophy in the left anterior temporal lobe. The clinical syndromic diagnosis was semantic variant primary progressive aphasia. He died at age 70 of pneumonia. At autopsy, transactive response DNA-binding protein (TDP) immunoreactive long dystrophic neurites were predominantly found in the cerebral cortices, which were compatible with frontotemporal lobar degeneration-TDP type C pathology.


Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Aggression , Apathy , Aphasia, Primary Progressive , Atrophy , Autopsy , Brain , Cerebral Cortex , Comprehension , Diagnosis , Eating , Frontotemporal Dementia , Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Neurites , Pathology , Pneumonia , Semantics , TDP-43 Proteinopathies , Temporal Lobe
5.
Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine ; : 24-30, 2018.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-786969

ABSTRACT

The pathological features of Alzheimer's disease are senile plaques which are aggregates of β-amyloid peptides and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Neurofibrillary tangles are aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins, and these induce various other neurodegenerative diseases, such as progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17), and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. In the case of Alzheimer's disease, the measurement of neurofibrillary tangles associated with cognitive decline is suitable for differential diagnosis, disease progression assessment, and to monitor the effects of therapeutic treatment. This review discusses considerations for the development of tau ligands for imaging and summarizes the results of the first-in-human and preclinical studies of the tau tracers that have been developed thus far. The development of tau ligands for imaging studies will be helpful for differential diagnosis and for the development of therapeutic treatments for tauopathies including Alzheimer's disease.


Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease , Brain , Brain Injury, Chronic , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 , Diagnosis, Differential , Disease Progression , Frontotemporal Dementia , Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration , Ligands , Neurodegenerative Diseases , Neurofibrillary Tangles , Parkinsonian Disorders , Peptides , Plaque, Amyloid , Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive , tau Proteins , Tauopathies
6.
Journal of Clinical Neurology ; : 234-242, 2017.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-72147

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Only a few studies have investigated the relationship between different subtypes and disease progression or prognosis in patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). Since a localized injury often produces more focal signs than a diffuse injury, we hypothesized that the clinical characteristics differ between patients with bvFTD who show diffuse frontal lobe atrophy (D-type) on axial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans versus those with focal or circumscribed frontal lobe atrophy (F-type). METHODS: In total, 94 MRI scans (74 scans from bvFTD and 20 scans from age-matched normal controls) were classified into 35 D- and 39 F-type bvFTD cases based on an axial MRI visual rating scale. We compared baseline clinical characteristics, progression in motor and cognitive symptoms, and survival times between D- and F-types. Survival analyses were performed for 62 of the 74 patients. RESULTS: While D-type performed better on neuropsychological tests than F-type at baseline, D-type had higher baseline scores on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Part III. Evaluations of motor progression showed that the disease duration with motor symptoms was shorter in D-type than F-type. Moreover, the survival time was shorter in D-type (6.9 years) than F-type (9.4 years). Cox regression analyses revealed that a high UPDRS Part III score at baseline contributed to an increased risk of mortality, regardless of the pattern of atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis is worse for D-type than for those with F-type. Shorter survival in D-type may be associated with the earlier appearance of motor symptoms.


Subject(s)
Humans , Atrophy , Disease Progression , Frontal Lobe , Frontotemporal Dementia , Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Mortality , Neurobehavioral Manifestations , Neuropsychological Tests , Parkinson Disease , Prognosis
7.
Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders ; : 93-102, 2016.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-111906

ABSTRACT

Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a clinical syndrome diagnosed when three core criteria are met. First, there should be a language impairment (i.e., aphasia) that interferes with the usage or comprehension of words. Second, the neurological work-up should determine that the disease is neurodegenerative, and therefore progressive. Third, the aphasia should arise in relative isolation, without equivalent deficits of comportment or episodic memory. The language impairment can be fluent or non-fluent and may or may not interfere with word comprehension. Memory for recent events is preserved although memory scores obtained in verbally mediated tests may be abnormal. This distinctive clinical pattern is most conspicuous in the initial stages of the disease, and reflects a relatively selective atrophy of the language network, usually located in the left hemisphere. There are different clinical variants of PPA, each with a characteristic pattern of atrophy. Clinicoanatomical correlations in patient with these variants have led to new insights on the organization of the large-scale language network in the human brain. For example, the left anterior temporal lobe, which was not part of the classic language network, has been shown to play a critical role in word comprehension and object naming. Furthermore, patients with PPA have shown that fluency can be dissociated from grammaticality. The underlying neuropathological diseases are heterogeneous and can include Alzheimer's disease as well as frontotemporal lobar degeneration. The clinician's task is to recognize PPA and differentiate it from other neurodegenerative phenotypes, use biomarkers to surmise the nature of the underlying neuropathology, and institute the most fitting multimodal interventions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Alzheimer Disease , Aphasia , Aphasia, Primary Progressive , Atrophy , Biomarkers , Brain , Comprehension , Dementia , Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration , Memory , Memory, Episodic , Neuropathology , Phenotype , Temporal Lobe
8.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 9(3): 219-229, July-Sept. 2015. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-761039

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACTAround 10-15% of patients diagnosed with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) have a positive family history for FTD with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Since the identification of mutations in MAPT(microtubuleassociated protein tau gene) in 1998, over 10 other genes have been associated with FTD spectrum disorders, discussed in this review. Along with MAPT, mutations in GRN(progranulin) and C9orf72(chromosome 9 open reading frame 72) are the most commonly identified in FTD cohorts. The association of FTD and motor neuron disease (MND) can be caused by mutations in C9orf72and other genes, such as TARDBP(TAR DNA-binding protein), FUS(fused in sarcoma), UBQLN2(ubiquilin 2). Multisystem proteinopathy is a complex phenotype that includes FTD, Paget disease of the bone, inclusion body myopathy and MND, and can be due to mutations in VCP(valosing containing protein) and other recently identified genes.


RESUMOCerca de 10-15% dos pacientes diagnosticados com demência frontotemporal (FDFT) têm uma história familiar positiva para DFT com um padrão de herança autossômico dominante. Desde a identificação de mutações em MAPT(proteína tau associada a microtúbulos), em 1998, mais de 10 outros genes já foram associados a doenças do espectro da DFT, que são discutidas nesta revisão. Junto com MAPT, mutações em GRN(progranulina) e C9orf72( chromosome 9 open reading frame 72) são as mais comumente identificadas em casuísticas de DFT. A associação de DFT com doença do neurónio motor (DNM) pode ser causada por mutações em C9orf72e outros genes, tais como TARDBP( TAR DNA-binding protein), FUS( fused in sarcoma), UBQLN2(ubiquilina 2) e outros genes. Proteinopatia multissistêmica é um fenótipo complexo que inclui DFT, doença de Paget óssea, miopatia com corpúsculos de inclusão e DNM, e pode ser devida a mutações em VCP( valosin containing protein) e outros genes recentemente identificados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration , Frontotemporal Dementia , Genetics , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
9.
São Paulo; s.n; 2015. [163] p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-870832

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A demência frontotemporal (DFT) inclui a variante comportamental da demência frontotemporal (vcDFT), a variante semântica da afasia progressiva primária (vsAPP), e a variante não fluente da APP (vnfAPP). Os genes em que são encontradas mutações causadoras de DFT mais frequentemente são: GRN (que codifica a progranulina), MAPT (que codifica a proteína tau) e C9orf72. Métodos: Foram incluídos probandos diagnosticados com vcDFT, vsAPP ou vnfAPP, com base com os critérios diagnósticos mais recentes, e um grupo de indivíduos cognitivamente normais. Os éxons 2-12 de GRN e os éxons 1, 9-13 de MAPT foram sequenciados pelo método de Sanger, e foi realizada dosagem de progranulina no plasma. Resultados: foram incluídos 62 probandos, sendo 44 com vcDFT, 9 com vsAPP, e 9 com vnfAPP. Antecedente familiar de demência foi positivo em 45,1% dos probandos, e de DFT, em 24,1%. Os 60 indivíduos do grupo controle tinham idade média de 60,8±8,5 anos. Foram identificadas seis mutações nulas em GRN (p.Q130X, p.V200Gfs*18, p.Q257Pfs*26, p.Q300X, p.S301Cfs*60 e p.D317Afs*11) e uma mutação patogênica em MAPT (p.N279K). A dosagem média de progranulina plasmática nos pacientes com mutações de GRN foi de 29,8±11,9ng/ml Conclusões: A frequência de mutações patogênicas em GRN nesta casuística foi de 9,6%, e a de mutações em MAPT foi de 1,6%. Entre casos familiais de DFT, a frequência de mutações em GRN foi de 33,3%, e em MAPT foi de 6,7%. Duas das mutações encontradas em GRN (p.Q130X e p.D317Afs*11) ainda não foram descritas em casos de DFT. O valor de corte de 70ng/ml identificou as mutações nulas de GRN com sensibilidade e especificidade de 100%.


Introduction: Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) encompasses behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia (svPPA), and nonfluent variant PPA (nfvPPA). The genes in which FTD-causing mutations are most frequently found are: GRN (which encodes progranulin), MAPT (which encodes tau protein) and C9orf72. Methods: We included probands diagnosed with bvFTD, svPPA or nfvPPA, based on the most recent diagnostic criteria, and a group of cognitively normal individuals. GRN exons 2-12 and MAPT exons 1, 9-13 were sequenced by the Sanger method, and plasma progranulin levels were measured. Results: we included 62 probands (44 with bvFTD, 9 with svPPA, and 9 with nfvPPA). Family history of dementia was positive in 45.1% of probands, and of DFT, in 24.1%. The control group of 60 individuals had a mean age of 60.8±8.5 years. Six null GRN mutations were identified in (p.Q130X, p.V200Gfs*18, p.Q257Pfs*26, p.Q300X, p.S301Cfs*60 e p.D317Afs*11) and one MAPT pathogenic mutation (p.N279K). The mean plasma progranulin level in patients with GRN mutations was 29.8±11,9ng/ml. Conclusions: The frequency of pathogenic mutations in GRN was 9.6%, and of MAPT mutations was 1.6%. Among cases of familial FTD, the frequency of GRN mutations was 33.3%, and of MAPT mutations was 6.7%. Two of the mutations found in GRN (p.Q130X and p.D317Afs*11) are novel. The cutoff value of 70ng/ml identified null GRN mutations with sensitivity and specificity of 100%.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Frontotemporal Dementia , Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration , Genetics , Mutation , Primary Progressive Nonfluent Aphasia , Tauopathies
10.
Journal of the Korean Neurological Association ; : 201-205, 2015.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-133669

ABSTRACT

Approximately 15% of patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) have co-occurring motor neuron disease (MND). FTD-MND cases have frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD)-transactive response DNA-binding protein (TDP) pathology, which is divided into four subtypes (types A, B, C, and D) based on the morphological appearance, cellular location, and distribution of the abnormal TDP inclusions and dystrophic neurites. We report a patient with FTD-MND whose pathological diagnosis was FTLD-TDP type B. This is the first documented autopsy-confirmed case of FTD-MND in Korea.


Subject(s)
Humans , Autopsy , Diagnosis , Frontotemporal Dementia , Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration , Korea , Motor Neuron Disease , Motor Neurons , Neurites , Pathology
11.
Journal of the Korean Neurological Association ; : 201-205, 2015.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-133668

ABSTRACT

Approximately 15% of patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) have co-occurring motor neuron disease (MND). FTD-MND cases have frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD)-transactive response DNA-binding protein (TDP) pathology, which is divided into four subtypes (types A, B, C, and D) based on the morphological appearance, cellular location, and distribution of the abnormal TDP inclusions and dystrophic neurites. We report a patient with FTD-MND whose pathological diagnosis was FTLD-TDP type B. This is the first documented autopsy-confirmed case of FTD-MND in Korea.


Subject(s)
Humans , Autopsy , Diagnosis , Frontotemporal Dementia , Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration , Korea , Motor Neuron Disease , Motor Neurons , Neurites , Pathology
12.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 8(1): 72-78, mar. 2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-707319

ABSTRACT

Several studies have addressed visuospatial and executive skills in artistic activities in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).OBJECTIVE: To investigate the performance of FTLD patients compared to controls on two artistic tasks. METHODS: Four FTLD patients with mean age of 57 (8.7) years and schooling of 12.2 (4.5) years plus 10 controls with mean age of 62.9 (8.6) years and schooling of 12.3 (4.6) years, were assessed using the Lowenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA) and by a three-stage artistic protocol including visual observation, copying and collage, based on a Sisley painting. RESULTS: FTLD patients had lower scores than controls on Visuospatial Perception, Copy, Collage, Examiner's Observation, and Total, showing distinct patterns of performance according to FTLD sub-type: semantic PPA, nonfluent PPA and bvFTD. CONCLUSION: FTLD patients presented impairment in the visuospatial and executive skills required to perform artistic tasks. We demonstrated that the application of the instrument as a complimentary method for assessing cognitive skills in this group of patients is possible. Further studies addressing larger and more homogeneous samples of FTLD patients as well as other dementias are warranted.


Vários estudos relatam as habilidades visuoespaciais em atividades artísticas em Degeneração Lobar Frontotemporal (DLFT) e Demência de Alzheimer (DA). OBJETIVO: Investigar as alterações no desempenho de pacientes com DLFT comparados a controles em tarefas artísticas. MÉTODOS: Quatro pacientes com DLFT (idade média de 57 (8,7) e escolaridade de 12,2 (4,5) anos) e 10 controles (idade média de 62,9 (86) e escolaridade de 12,3 (4,6) anos) foram avaliados através da Bateria de Avaliação Cognitiva de Terapia Ocupacional Lowenstein (LOTCA) e um protocolo de arte em três estágios: observação visual, cópia colorida e colagem baseada em uma pintura de Sisley. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes com DLFT tiveram menores pontuações em Percepção Visoespacial, Cópia, Colagem, Observação do examinador e Total, mostrando distintos tipos de desempenho nos subtipos de DFT variante comportamental, APP não fluente e APP semântica. CONCLUSÃO: Os pacientes com DLFT apresentaram prejuízo nas habilidades executivas e visuoespaciais necessárias ao desempenho nas tarefas artísticas propostas. Evidenciamos ser possível a aplicação deste instrumento como método de avaliação complementar de habilidades cognitivas neste grupo de pacientes. Novos estudos em um grupo maior e mais homogêneo de pacientes com DLFT, bem como em outras demências, são necessários.


Subject(s)
Humans , Art Therapy , Visual Perception , Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration , Executive Function
13.
São Paulo; s.n; 2014. [167] p. tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-730781

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A deglutição e suas características principais ainda são desconhecidas na demência frontotemporal. Objetivos: Caracterizar a deglutição e o comportamento alimentar de pacientes com diagnóstico de demência frontotemporal que apresentam a variante comportamental (DFTvc) e a afasia progressiva primária (APP). Caracterizar os pacientes com DFT e seus cuidadores. Descrever aspectos cognitivos e comportamentais, funcionalidade global, comunicação funcional, e a funcionalidade da deglutição na DFT. Descrever os problemas de deglutição e do comportamento alimentar na DFTvc e APP. Correlacionar os aspectos cognitivos e comportamentais, funcionalidade global e a comunicação com as características da deglutição. Identificar fatores preditivos da piora da funcionalidade da deglutição e do comportamento alimentar na DFT. Avaliar o comportamento dos instrumentos empregados. Desenvolver a versão reduzida do Questionário de Habilidades de Alimentação e Deglutição nas Demências e do Questionário de Comunicação Funcional na Afasia. Método: Este estudo incluiu 46 indivíduos com DFT nas fases leve, moderada e grave, e seus 46 cuidadores. O Mini exame do estado mental (MEEM) e o Mini exame do estado mental grave (MEEM-g) foram usados para avaliar os aspectos cognitivos. A Escala de estadiamento da demência (CDR-DLFT) foi usada para confirmar a fase da doença. O Inventário Neuropsiquiátrico (INP) foi aplicado para investigar os problemas comportamentais. A Bateria de Avaliação Frontal (BAF) investigou as funções executivas. O Índice das Atividades de Vida Diária (Katz), Questionário para Avaliação da Comunicação Funcional na Afasia (QACFA) e a Escala de funcionalidade da deglutição (EFD) avaliaram as habilidades funcionais. O Questionário de Habilidades de Alimentação e Deglutição nas Demências (QHADD) avaliou as dificuldades na deglutição e alimentação. Resultados: Os grupos DFTvc e APP não mostraram diferença estatisticamente significante no MEEM,...


Introduction: Swallowing and its main characteristics are still unknown in frontotemporal dementia. Objectives: To characterize swallowing and feeding behavior of patients with frontotemporal dementia who have behavioral variant (bvFTD) and primary progressive aphasia (PPA). To characterize patients with FTD and their caregivers.To describe cognitive and behavioral aspects, functionalstatus, functional communication, and swallowing function in FTD.To describe swallowing problems and feeding behavior in bvFTD and PPA. To correlate cognitive and behavioral aspects, functional status, and communication with swallowing. To identify predictive factors associated with worsening of functionality of swallowing and feeding behavior in FTD. To evaluate the instruments used. To develop reduced versions of: "Assessment of Feeding and Swallowing Difficulties in Dementia" and "Functional Outcome Questionnaire Aphasia". Method: This study included 46 individuals with FTD in mild, moderate and severe phases, and their 46 caregivers. The Mini mental state examination (MMSE) and the Severe Mini mental state examination (SMMSE) were used to assess the cognitive aspects. The FTLD-modified Clinical Dementia Rating scale (FTLD-CDR) was used to confirm the stage of the disease. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) was applied to investigate the behavioral problems. The Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) investigated executive functions. The Index of Activities of Daily Living (Katz), Functional Outcome Questionnaire- Aphasia and Swallowing rating scale (SRE) evaluated the functional abilities. The Assessment of Feeding and Swallowing Difficulties in Dementia (QHADD) evaluated the difficulties in swallowing and feeding. Results: bvFTD and PPA groups showed no statistically significant difference in MMSE, CDR and FAB. Caregivers of patients with bvFTD had more hours of care per day compared to patients with PPA (p < 0.05). The groups differed in SRE (p < 0.05). The behavioral...


Subject(s)
Humans , Aphasia, Primary Progressive , Behavior , Cognition Disorders , Communication , Feeding Behavior , Frontotemporal Dementia , Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration , International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health , Deglutition Disorders/complications , Deglutition Disorders/diagnosis , Caregivers , Surveys and Questionnaires
14.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 7(4): 424-427, dez. 2013. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-696480

ABSTRACT

Semantic dementia is characterized by fluent, phonologically adequate speech with various anomias and semantic paraphasias. Performance on semantic tasks is well documented in these patients, although little is known regarding performance on more complex language tasks, such as those involving non-literal language (interpretation of metaphors and proverbs and recognition of irony). OBJECTIVE: To report the investigation of non-literal language in cases of semantic dementia. METHODS: Two cases of semantic dementia were investigated for the presence of deficits in non-literal language abilities using the screening test for Alzheimer's disease with proverbs, metaphor test and irony test. RESULTS: Both patients were found to have low performance on the tests applied, particularly for interpretation of proverbs. CONCLUSION: This poor performance was attributed largely to the characteristic semantic changes of the disease, but some frontal symptoms inherent to other forms of frontotemporal lobar degeneration were also observed which interfered in the testing, such as negativism, reduced attention span, concretism and perseverations.


A demência semântica é caracterizada por fala fluente e adequada fonologicamente e com diversas anomias e parafasias semânticas. O desempenho em tarefas semânticas é bem documentado nestes pacientes, porém pouco se sabe acerca do desempenho em tarefas linguísticas mais complexas, como naquelas que envolvem linguagem não literal (interpretação de metáforas e provérbios e reconhecimento de ironias). OBJETIVO: Relatar a investigação da linguagem não-literal em casos de demência semântica. MÉTODOS: Dois casos de demência semântica foram investigados para a presença de déficits em habilidades de linguagem não-literal, usando o teste de triagem para a doença de Alzheimer com provérbios, teste de metáforas e teste de ironia.RESULTADOS: Verificou-se que ambas as pacientes apresentaram baixo desempenho nos testes aplicados, principalmente na interpretação de provérbios. CONCLUSÃO: O baixo desempenho foi atribuído especialmente às alterações semânticas características da doença, porém também foram observados sintomas frontais característicos de outras formas de degeneração lobar frontotemporal que interferiram na testagem como negativismo, redução do fôlego atencional, concretismo e perseverações.


Subject(s)
Humans , Dementia , Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration , Language , Language Tests
15.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 7(1): 27-32, jan.-mar. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-670731

ABSTRACT

Latin America (LA) is experiencing a rise in the elderly population and a consequent increase in geriatric problemssuch as dementia. There are few epidemiological studies assessing the magnitude of dementia and dementia subtypesin LA. Objective: To identify published community-based studies on the prevalence of FTD in LA countries. Methods: Adatabase search for door-to-door studies on FTD prevalence in LA was performed. The search was carried out on Medline,Embase, and LILACS databases for research conducted between 1994 and 2012. The main inclusion criteria were: use ofany internationally accepted diagnostic criteria and investigation of community samples. Results: Four hundred and ninetytwo articles were found, of which 26 were initially pre-selected by title or abstract review. Five studies from 3 differentcountries were included. The FTD prevalence rates in community-dwelling elderly were 1.2 (Venezuela), 1.3 (Peru) and1.7-1.8 (Brazil) per thousand persons, depending on age group. Conclusion: The FTD prevalence in LA studies showedvalues mid-way between those observed in western and in oriental populations. Despite the magnitude of this problem,epidemiological information on FTD remains scarce in LA.


A América Latina (AL) está experimentando um aumento na população de idosos e um consequente aumento nosproblemas geriátricos, como demência. Existem poucos estudos epidemiológicos avaliando a magnitude de demência edemência subtipos na AL Objetivo: Identificar publicações baseadas em estudos sobre a prevalência da FTD em países daAL. Métodos: A pesquisa realizada foi por estudos de prevalência de FTD em comunidade na AL. A pesquisa foi realizada emMed-line, Embase, e LILACS no período entre 1994 e 2012. Os principais critérios de inclusão foram: utilização de quaisquercritérios internacionalmente aceitos de diagnóstico e investigação de amostras em comunidade. Resultados: Quatrocentose noventa e dois artigos foram encontrados, dos quais 26 foram inicialmente pré-selecionados pelo título ou fiscalização doabstract. Cinco estudos de 3 países diferentes foram incluídos. As taxas de prevalência na comunidade em idosos com FTDeram 1,2 (Venezuela), 1,3 (Peru) e 1,7-1,8 (Brasil) por mil pessoas, dependendo da faixa etária. Conclusão: A prevalênciaFTD em estudos da AL, apresentaram valores intermediários entre os observados em populações ocidentais e orientais. Apesarda magnitude do problema, informações epidemiológicas sobre FTD permanecem escassas em AL.


Subject(s)
Humans , Prevalence , Aphasia, Primary Progressive , Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration , Frontotemporal Dementia
16.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 7(1): 19-26, jan.-mar. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-670730

ABSTRACT

Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is the second most common cause of presenile dementia. Three main clinical variants are widely recognized within the FTLD spectrum: the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), semantic dementia (SD) and progressive non-fluent aphasia (PNFA). FTLD represents a highly heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders which are best classified according to the main protein component of pathological neuronal and glial inclusions. The most common pathological class of FTLD is associated with the TDP-43 protein (FTLD-TDP), while FTLD-Tau is considered slightly less common while the FTLD-FUS (Fused in sarcoma protein) pathology is rare. In this review, these three major pathological types of FTLD are discussed.


A degeneração lobar frontotemporal (DLFT) é a segunda principal causa de demência pré-senil. Sob o diagnóstido de DLFT, há três principais diagnósticos clínicos: demência frontotemporal variante comportamental (DFTvc), demência semântica (DS) e a afasia progressiva não Fluente (APNF). A DLFT representa um grupo heterogêneo de desordens degenerativas que são classificadas de acordo com o componente proteico patológico das inclusões neuronais e gliais. A classe patológica mais comum das DLFT é associada com a proteína TDP-43 (DLFT-TDP), seguida pela DLFT-Tau, enquanto a DLFT-FUS é rara. Nesta revisão, nós iremos discutir os três principais subtipos patológicos da DLFT.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pathology , Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
17.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 7(1): 88-95, jan.-mar. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-670740

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Semantic dementia, a subtype of frontotemporal lobar degeneration, is characterised by cross-modal loss of conceptual knowledge attributable to progressive degeneration of the left anterior temporal lobe. Much less is known regarding the clinical presentation of SD patients with predominantly right-lateralised atrophy. Recent reports emphasise marked socioemotional and behavioural disturbances in such cases. Given the importance of the right anterior temporal lobes in social cognition, we hypothesised that socioemotional functioning would be disproportionately affected in right versus left-lateralised SD cases. METHODS: We assessed well-characterised cases of predominantly right (n=10) and left (n=12) SD and 20 matched healthy controls on tests of emotion processing and interpersonal functioning. RESULTS: Right SD cases showed disproportionate difficulties in the recognition of positive and negative facial emotions, specifically happiness and anger, compared with left SD cases. Deficits in anger recognition persisted in right SD despite covarying for facial and semantic processing. On a contextually rich task of emotion recognition using multimodal videos, no subgroup differences were evident. Finally, empathic concern was rated as significantly lower by caregivers of right versus left SD cases. Overall, the extent of socioemotional disturbance was associated with the degree of behavioural changes in SD. CONCLUSION: Our results reveal considerable overlap in the extent to which socioemotional processes are disrupted in left and right-lateralised cases of SD. Notably, however, right SD cases show disproportionate deficits for recognition of facial emotions and the capacity for empathic concern, supporting a specialised role for the right anterior temporal lobes in mediating these cognitive functions.


OBJETIVO: A demência semântica (DS), um subtipo de degeneração lobar frontotemporal, é caracterizada por perda multimodal do conhecimento conceitual atribuída à degeneração progressiva do região anterior do lobo temporal esquerdo. Sabe-se menos sobre o quadro clínico de pacientes com DS em que a atrofia é localizada predominantemente à direita. Relatos recentes têm enfatizado marcantes distúrbios socioemocionais e comportamentais em tais casos. Dada a importância da região anterior do lobo temporal direito na cognição social, aventamos a hipótese de que o funcionamento socioemocional seria desproporcionalmente afetado nos casos de DS com atrofia lateralizada à direita. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados os desempenhos de casos bem caracterizados de DS com atrofia do lobo temporal predominantemente à direita (n=10) e à esquerda (n=12) e 20 controles saudáveis em testes de processamento de emoções e funcionamento interpessoal. RESULTADOS: Casos de DS com atrofia predominante à direita apresentaram dificuldades desproporcionadas no reconhecimento de emoções faciais positivas e negativas, especificamente expressões de felicidade e raiva, em comparação com os casos de atrofia à esquerda. Os déficits no reconhecimento de raiva persistiram depois de excluídas as covariações com processamento facial e semântico. Em uma tarefa contextualmente rica de reconhecimento de emoções através de vídeos multimodais, não houve diferenças entre os subgrupos. Por fim, preocupação empática foi classificada por cuidadores como significativamente menor nos casos com atrofia à direita. Em geral, o grau de perturbação socioemocional foi associado com o grau de alterações comportamentais na DS. CONCLUSÃO: Nossos resultados revelam uma considerável sobreposição na medida em que os processos socioemocionais são rompidos tanto em casos com atrofia predominante à direita como à esquerda. Notavelmente, entretanto, os casos com DS com atrofia predominante à direita apresentam déficits desproporcionais no reconhecimento de emoções faciais e na capacidade de preocupação empática, dando suporte à hipótese de um papel especializado das regiões anteriores do lobo temporal direito na mediação dessas funções cognitivas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Expressed Emotion , Dementia , Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
19.
Rev. neuro-psiquiatr. (Impr.) ; 75(4): 120-128, oct.-dic. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-703832

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Describir las características neuropsicológicas de pacientes con demencia frontotemporal variante conductual (DFTvc) y compararlas con las de pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA). Pacientes y métodos: Se evaluó una muestra de 60 controles sanos, 60 pacientes con EA y 32 pacientes con DFTvc, empleando una batería neuropsicológica clásica. Resultados: Los pacientes con DFTvc tienen peor rendimiento que pacientes con EA en algunos parámetros de atención y funciones ejecutivas (FE) y menor compromiso de la memoria. La evaluación de atención muestra diferencia altamente significativa en el rendimiento del Trail Making Test (TMT)-A entre EA y DFTvc (t28=-2,18, p<0,001). De la misma manera, en la evaluación de FE, sólo el TMT-B (t31= -6,8, p<0,001) y las respuestas perseverativas en el Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) (U = 30,5, p<0,001) alcanzaron diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los grupos EA y DFTvc. Conclusiones: Los pacientes con DFTvc en estadios leve a moderado presentan una relativa menor afectación de memoria, lenguaje y habilidades viso-constructivas/viso-espaciales, pero con un marcado deterioro de atención y FE.


Objectives: To describe the neuropsychological features of patients with behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and compared them with those of patients with Alzheimer´s disease (AD). Patients and methods: 60 healthy controls, 60 patients with AD and 32 patients with bvFTD were assessed with a complete neuropsychological battery. Results: bvFTD patients were relatively more impaired on attention and executive functions (EF) and relatively less impaired in memory than AD patients. Attention tasks show significant differenceson Trail Making Test (TMT)-A performance in patients with AD vs. bvFTD (t28=-2.18, p< 0.001). Similarly in EF evaluation, only TMT-B (t31=-6.8, p<0.001) and perseverative response on Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) (U=30.5, p<0.001) achieved statistically significant difference between groups. Conclusions: bvFTD patients with mild to moderate stages have a relatively minor impairment of memory, language, and visuospatial / visuoconstructive functions, but with a marked deterioration in attention and EF.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration , Frontotemporal Dementia , Alzheimer Disease , Executive Function , Temporal Lobe
20.
Rev. neuro-psiquiatr. (Impr.) ; 75(3): 93-100, jul.-sept. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-703827

ABSTRACT

La afasia progresiva primaria (APP) es un síndrome clínico neurodegenerativo caracterizado por compromiso progresivo del lenguaje, diagnosticado cuando completa tres criterios nucleares. Primero, debe existir compromiso del lenguaje, que interfiera con el uso o comprensión de las palabras. Segundo, el plan de trabajo diagnóstico debe demostrar que la enfermedad es neurodegenerativa, y además progresiva. Tercero, la afasia debe progresar relativamente aislada, sin afectación del comportamiento o de memoria episódica. El compromiso del lenguaje puede ser fluente o no fluente y puede o no interferir con la comprensión de las palabras. La memoria para hechos recientes está preservada, sin embargo los puntajes de memoria obtenidos en las pruebas mediadas verbalmente pueden ser anormales. Pueden presentarse cambios menores en personalidad o en la conducta, pero no llevan al paciente a la consulta médica y no limitan las actividades de vida diaria. Este patrón clínico es más conspicuo en los estadios iniciales de la enfermedad, y es consecuencia de la atrofia relativamente selectiva de los circuitos del lenguaje, usualmente localizado en el hemisferio izquierdo. Existen diferentes variantes clínicas de APP, cada una con un patrón característico de atrofia. Las enfermedades neuropatológicas subyacentes son heterogéneas y pueden incluir enfermedad de Alzheimer así como degeneración lobar fronto-temporal.


Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a neurodegenerative clinical syndrome characterized by progressive language impairment diagnosed when three core criteria are met. First, there should be a language impairment (i.e., aphasia) that interferes with the usage or comprehension of words. Second, the neurological work-up should determine that the disease is neurodegenerative, and therefore progressive. Third, the aphasia should arise in relative isolation, without equivalent deficits of comportment or episodic memory. The language impairment can be fluent or non fluent and may or may not interfere with word comprehension. Memory for recent events is preserved although memory scores obtained in verbally mediated tests may be abnormal. Minor changes in personality and behavior may be present but are not the leading factors that bring the patient to medical attention or that limit daily living activities. This distinctive clinical pattern is most conspicuous in the initial stages of the disease, and reflects a relatively selective atrophy of the language network, usually located in the left hemisphere. There are different clinical variants of PPA, each with a characteristic pattern of atrophy. The underlying neuropathological diseases are heterogeneous and can include AlzheimerÆs disease as well as frontotemporal lobar degeneration.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aphasia, Primary Progressive , Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration , Frontotemporal Dementia , Semantics , Language Disorders
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